Ransomware

Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that encrypts a victim’s files, systems, or entire networks, rendering them inaccessible until a ransom is paid to the attacker. The ransom demand is usually in cryptocurrency, making it harder to trace. Modern ransomware often includes threats to leak or sell stolen data if the ransom is not paid. Attacks can target individuals, businesses, hospitals, schools, and even government agencies, causing widespread disruption and financial damage. Ransomware has evolved into one of the most profitable and destructive forms of cybercrime, often delivered through phishing emails, malicious downloads, or exploited system vulnerabilities.

How it works

  1. Infection → The victim unknowingly installs ransomware via a malicious attachment, compromised website, or software vulnerability.
  2. Encryption → The ransomware encrypts files or systems with a strong algorithm, locking out the user.
  3. Ransom Demand → The attacker displays instructions, demanding payment in exchange for a decryption key.
  4. Extortion (Double/Triple) → Some attackers also steal data, threatening to leak it publicly or attack business partners if payment isn’t made.

Why it matters

Ransomware attacks can shut down critical services, disrupt business operations, and cause enormous financial losses. Paying the ransom does not guarantee file recovery and may even encourage further attacks. Preventing ransomware through backups, patch management, employee training, and strong security measures is far more effective than responding to an attack.

Examples

  • WannaCry (2017): A global ransomware outbreak that hit hospitals, companies, and governments using a Windows exploit.
  • Ryuk: A ransomware strain often used in targeted attacks against large enterprises.
  • LockBit: A ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) operation where criminals rent ransomware to affiliates.