Malware

Malware, short for “malicious software,” is any type of program or code designed to infiltrate, damage, or exploit computers, networks, or devices without the user’s consent. Unlike regular software, malware serves the attacker’s interests — whether that’s stealing sensitive information, disrupting operations, spying on users, or generating illicit profits. Malware comes in many forms, including viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, ransomware, and adware. It can be delivered through phishing emails, malicious downloads, infected USB drives, or compromised websites. Because it continuously evolves to bypass defenses, malware remains one of the most persistent threats in cybersecurity.

How it works

  1. Infection → Malware enters a system via a malicious attachment, software vulnerability, or deceptive installation.
  2. Execution → Once active, it performs harmful actions such as encrypting files, logging keystrokes, or spreading to other devices.
  3. Persistence → Some malware hides deep within the system, disguising itself as legitimate files or processes to avoid detection.
  4. Impact → Consequences range from data theft and financial fraud to complete shutdown of business-critical systems.

Why it matters

Malware is one of the primary tools of cybercriminals and state-sponsored attackers. It can compromise personal privacy, corporate data, or even national infrastructure. Understanding malware types and infection methods is essential for building strong defenses, training employees, and implementing effective incident response strategies.

Examples

  • ILOVEYOU virus (2000): Spread via email attachments, causing billions in damages.
  • Stuxnet (2010): A highly sophisticated worm targeting industrial control systems.
  • Emotet: A modular malware used to deliver ransomware and steal banking data.